Protesters said dozens were injured and their camps set alight in Monywa town.
Local farmers, monks and activists have been protesting against what they say are forced evictions to allow for the expansion of the mine, Burma's largest.
Opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi is in the area to meet protesters and says she wants to mediate a settlement.
Ms Suu Kyi was greeted by supporters who lined the streets.
"I already met one side. I met with mine operators. I want to meet with villagers and protesters," she said. "I want to negotiate after hearing from both sides."
The BBC's Jonathan Head, who recently visited the mine, says this is now being seen as a test case for how Burma's new government will handle growing protests around the country over land grabs that took place under military rule.
The farmers started their protest in June, saying they were forced to accept a deal two years ago under which they gave up their land in return for new housing and financial compensation.
The mine is owned by the military and Chinese arms manufacturer Norinco. The company has said that the deal was voluntary, and that only a small minority of farmers rejected it.
The mine's billion-dollar expansion project covers several thousand hectares of land in Burma's Sagaing region.
Squads of riot police arrived at the camps early in the morning, witnesses say.
"They shot some sort of canisters that caused fire at the camp. We just don't know what sort of weapon it was," Shin Oattama, a Buddhist monk, told Reuters news agency.
"We are now seeking refuge at a nearby village. There's no ambulance, no doctor to take care of the injured."
Of the 22 injured, many are monks, and they are mostly suffering from burns, our correspondent reports. It is not clear what caused the burns, he says.
President Thein Sein's office said in a statement that police had used water cannon, tear gas and smoke bombs to disperse the crowds. A spokesman denied that chemical weapons were used.
Laws on public protests in Burma have been relaxed amid a series of democratic reforms. But this week the government gave the protesters an ultimatum to leave the site.
Meanwhile, China has defended its joint mining project with Burma.
"The relocation, compensation, environmental protection and other issues involved with this project were jointly settled through negotiations by the Chinese and Myanmar [Burma] sides and meet Myanmar's laws and regulations," Foreign Ministry spokesman Hong Lei said during a regular press briefing in Beijing.
"We hope all levels of Myanmar society can provide an environment beneficial to the project's development."
In an editorial published on Thursday, the state-run Chinese newspaper Global Times said that halting the project would be a "lose-lose situation" for both countries.
"Only third parties, including some Western forces, will be glad to see this result," it said.-British Broadcasting Corporation (November 29, 2012 18:10GMT)
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